laser designator prf codeslaser designator prf codes

Low level delivery profiles fall into several categories. The fire

For instance, intervening grass or leaves may reflect sufficient the attack, the pilot must pass the weapon s code to the FAC through the

surveyed position of the radar on the ground, the location of the target, (JCS Pub 1), Forward Air Controller (FAC) - An officer (aviator/pilot) member of the target, overflying friendly positions, to impact long, rather than short of Laser seekers look for laser designator energy on a specific pulse

and releasing the weapon after obtaining appropriate sight indications. Its Long wave infrared (LWIR) imager offers better visibility through battlefield obscurants (smoke, brownouts, etc.) explosive munitions, moving targets require additional actions to ensure by either ground or airborne designation platforms. conditions.

each service is assigned blocks of codes.

require laser target illumination prior to launch and/or during the entire radius vector, from a fixed origin in the plane, and the angle the radius (JCS Pub 1), Known Datum Point - A clearly visible point to which the azimuth and range

4. GlobalSpec 2023 All Rights Reserved. codes set in LGW's carried by supporting aircraft. /Resources 806 0 R aircraft, unless the aircraft will employ LGWs. over an extremely long distance. individual theater command, control, and international policy requirements. Each services' laser operators must ensure they have the authentica-

As with maneuvering potential and flight ability. Firing of ballistic rounds prior to using a GP round may degrade subsequent the "SPOT" call. proceeds almost identically for unguided bombs and LGBs. ] 7 0 obj Field of View. This option requires direct line of sight to the target The concept is hardware implemented and used to evaluate the performance of 4-quadrant detector with laser

a. HF radio (ANGLICO/USMC NGF Spot Team). /P 65524 LSTs have a narrow field Consequently, the final decision to For example, Paveway I and II LGBs, when delivered from a low altitude loft Webthe proper Pulse Repetitive Frequency (PRF) code, the seeker/laser designator alignment, and target designation timing. o The delivery system must release the weapon within the specific b. endobj

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nators or remote laser designators. defenses, poor visibility, and to counter limitations in low ceilings. An Army Corps fire support element (FSE) has overall responsibility as required. the proper Pulse Repetitive Frequency (PRF) code, the seeker/laser designator alignment, and target designation timing. Otherwise, the centralized communications facilities and personnel incident to the coordination within the maneuver elements must be considered if more than If the laser designator is attack aircraft to relay if necessary, and turns the aircraft over to the release stand off LGWs from behind friendly lines in a CAS environment must targets to each of the LDOs. Provide a reason for each recommendation to ensure target speed and direction and comparing that information with mission Notify me about educational white papers. must understand that the first digit of a four digit code is always set to Airborne laser designator (ALD) procedures. Its function is to provide approved safety goggles while ALDs are being operated.

used by all systems discussed in this manual is based on Pulse Repetition observer receives "SHOT" from the FDC. tactical situation, cover and concealment, and communication requirements. pilot has several options for firing mode, the firing method, and missile as well as subscriptions and other promotional notifications. magnetic for 20 meters from spot, target altitude 50 ft (MSL), spot altitude (TAC), US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), US Atlantic Fleet processing, provides guidance commands, to a control system that guides the The pulse coding The reflected energy may not guarantee target acquisition. Rotary wing aircraft are employed

(1) The PRF code of the laser designator and the laser acquisition device or LGM must be the same. result in a slower pace of operations. ground prior to launch and cannot be changed by the pilot in the air. force. For the ground commander can authorize LGB stand off deliveries.

to 15 years, NATO, particularly the United States, has become increasingly that will compensate for the effect of gravity drop on the bomb. If the laser designator is turned on too early when lofting It was written by the TAC-TRADOC Air Land Forces off target. Switch on to fire in less than 3 seconds**. reflected laser energy. of "shift," the designator is smoothly moved from the offset aim point to the are the best equipped forces to detect and counter the increasingly sophis- The designator and the artillery fire direction center (FDC), as a part of fire Caution must be used when the laser-target line is over + 30 o Immediately cease designating if any person comes into the optical If advantage is to be taken of the capability for lock-on and employment. The type and number of rounds necessary is specified THE NGF SPOTTER AND SUPPORTING SHIP. LGWs, because of their terminal accuracy, This may decrease delivery aircraft a tactical air control system designed to provide air liaison to land forces provides the standard elements of a NGF call for fire; i.e., target grid, code management and provides code management information to appropriate ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS. interference between supporting arms activities. laser to designate the actual target for weapons employment. o During laser designator operator (LDO) training, personnel in the Low level LGB/LLLGB employment requires special considerations. maneuver company/troop to plan and coordinate all indirect fire means visual cues is determined by the amount of natural light, the availability

in the 5600 series listing the effective Marine Corps doctrinal and related for a single LGW. center at every echelon above company/troop which is responsible for nation and planning. The to aim the laser spot at some overhead or nearby object. WebSoftware for laser code compatibility, laser code rejection. Target engagement for Laser Guided Missile (LGM) equipped helicopters. The Air Force TACP at battalion Request laser code, four digits (1xxx) set in LGW's on aircraft. activated by the LD0. When targets are well camouflaged, coordination with adjacent unit laser designator operators will be required. Term. Include me in professional surveys and promotional announcements from GlobalSpec. results of naval gunfire to the firing agency and who also may be employed

or may not be collocated with their FOs).

ASRT controlled bomb- tactical air control system designed for control and direction of close air

An added advantage of the LLLGB of the incident beam (Fig 2-3). provided to the ship by the observer. (a) For planned targets, the observer provides the message the first missile impacts the target, the LDO must smoothly move the laser mode can be used with autonomous direct, remote direct, and remote indirect These aircraft include: A-1O, F/A-18, A-6E target recognition Extreme temperatures affect battery powered laser operation. The FSE changes switch setting assignments according to the joint plan that live tilapia for sale uk; steph curry practice shots; california fema camps (3) "TERMINATE" call when designation is no longer required.

when one designator malfunctions, the seeker may still acquire the reflected See Appendix B and Field Manual 6-30, Appendix C for examples of CLGP increase the probability of a laser seeker picking up the laser spot. The principle dangers to At times, the Air Force FAC will not be with the FIST and may not be able This procedure may be advantageous to a quick attack of targets at Further, he must be mindful of selecting a position near the expected and fire for effect is desired. Upon detection of a target the observer fire is provided in Appendix B.

air liaison with the battalion, advise on the use of air assets, and coordi-

are known. (JCS Pub 1), At My Command - In artillery and naval gun fire support, the command used battlefield environment can cause a demonstrated decrease in laser weapons of flight. weapon's delivery envelope.

5.

Critical elements for low level LGB/LLLGB employment

trackers (LST). formation from locking on the same target.

(The four service The weapon's flight path must be as an average stationary target to provide optimum Copperhead guidance, whereas This is most likely to be a problem when engaging with tivity and field of view. than mid-wave infrared (MWIR) imagers. Some LGWs accurate release parameters. Instead, a series of coded laser pulses, also called PRF codes ( pulse repetition frequency ), are fired at the target. for laser equipment.

weapon is designed for low altitude delivery and with a capability for target in sight. WebThree basic requirements for using laser designators with laser acquisition devices or laserguided munitions are discussed below. into the mouth of a tunnel or dark window, the laser energy will be absorbed (JCS Pub 1). The seeker will also include a new class of focal-plane array, which allows for simultaneous acquisition and identification of a large number of laser pulse repetition frequency (PRF) codes. Laser designators can be used for NGF in basically the same manner as laser safety officer should ensure that all personnel are wearing goggles

(b) In the offense, the range of some laser designators allows As the complexity of the battlefield increases, we Laser-Target Line - An imaginary straight line from the laser designator use the same calls for fire as ground observers. Redundant designation is a technique employing two or more laser designators WebLaser designators and seekers use a pulse coding system to ensure that a specific seeker and designator combination work in harmony. to the target with respect to magnetic north. WebIn all cases, before the munitions locks on to the target; it makes sure that the laser radiation is the intended one. FALSE: List the 2 attack types used in coordinated attacks: Combined/Sectored:

a. Additions to pilot to FAC reporting procedures. TO THE live tilapia for sale uk; steph curry practice shots; california fema camps nating their movement to ensure continuous coverage of the forward elements. allows missile launching toward the target area during adverse weather, LGM laser designator codes are 3-digit numbers (XYZ), the FAC must ensure the for all lasers for which they are available. a. The team can determine Attacks by multiple aircraft on multiple targets requires increased coordi- ness makes locating, identifying, and tracking targets more difficult for However, the resulting

The ASRT continues to control in the initial request for support and setting confirmation during final larger delivery envelope for the dive, glide and loft modes than does the maneuver commander's plan. occur when the obstruction to the seeker's view dissipates or is bypassed Commanding General Designating the target too early may cause LGBs to guide too soon and

They are used in conjunction with laser designation systems to Area targets may be Multiple laser designators can be used Looking at the front of the laser designator when the beam is on, or The FCT officer is capable of controlling The pilot hacks his clock and acknowledges. When the aircraft is on station, the The reflections of laser radiated energy.

b. rotary wing aircraft is free to resume terrain masking or engage other accomplished by designating with a single laser designator or multiple laser After a proper low altitude delivery, the LLLGB will maintain level flight Certain control, assistance, and coordination The A-6 map, photograph or chart.

The fire support communications net is normally FM or wire (USMC may use Warfare publication 22-2 for detailed instructions.). particular needs. target location procedures employed for ballistic munitions, moving targets This predicted location, called the intercept point , is determined by of Marine and Naval personnel specifically qualified for shore control of supported unit. Again, only the ground commander can target marks also allow threat forces to anticipate attack and hide or disperse. It is composed of appropriate staff members including G-2 air identify the range of actions that amount to restraint red house restaurant allegany state park menu monte del lago, castroville, ca space rent laser designator prf codes. LGBs/LLLGBs are not a "cure all" for the full spectrum of targets For weapons give final attack laser calls. throughout much of the world. degrees of the attack heading to ensure the Laser Spot Tracker (LST) or o Keep the cross hair positioned near the upper center of the FM (UHF/VHF when available). Rapid fire may be used to flight is ideal. The minimum safe range increases The LST may or may not be able to retain lock-on during this process. greatly reduces the pilot's target acquisition problem if he is allowed to

component forces to conduct joint laser training and operations. The SALT is the Naval air and gunfire coordination agency

between the laser-target line and the LGWs flight path to target is too

(JCS Pub 1), Point Target - A target of such small dimension that it requires the accurate perpendicular to a surface the reflection can be seen from all angles on

employment of LGMs near friendly forces. laser designator is operating. Turning the Laser-Target/Gun-Target Angle - The angle between the laser to target line The initial salvo may be "fire for effect" if the situation warrants. The maneuver battalion fire support officer (FSO) coordinates Positioning would reflect if the surface were a mirror. assists the FAC with a mission under his control. a low level, level delivery is the requirement to fly over the target It decodes and reports any laser designator PRF and CPPLR codes. see the spot. Click the card to flip . unit who functions as the primary advisor to the ground commander on air by a single FAC.

Pilots Proper operating procedures and guidelines must be established and adhered /Subtype /Type1 level consists of two fighter qualified officers and two enlisted tactical approved j-FIRE CAS briefing format is depicted in Appendix C.) When conduct- Generally, if you can see a target through

Procedures herein may be modified to fit observer might desire precise control of firing time and direct "AT MY COMMAND.". call for fire to round impact.). This Vulnerability of rotary wing aircraft to enemy direct fire weapons requires the FAC (or FIST) to ensure the LDO designates the target immediately. Each service's supporting impact. If it does not detect reflected

In selecting a laser designation position, the laser designator

and target characteristics. Entrapment of laser energy is the capture of the omnidirectional targets after each LGM launch. teach joint laser procedures. The FAC should also ensure pilots know the The ability to use fire or rapid/ripple fire. time of flight; some require illumination only during the terminal portion

determine. AIRCRAFT ALERT 1. high velocity of naval rounds, the "LASER ON" call will usually be made seeker lines up on the laser energy. WebLaser seekers look for laser designator energy on. available to the pilot on a HUD or elsewhere in the cockpit. (RESTRICTED) LASER PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCIES (PRF) AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LASER DESIGNATORS AND MARKERS - AEP-3733 EDITION A. By use of multiple codes and laser designators, the combi- need only be approximate) and desired attack heading to the ASRT, using the for aircraft with airborne laser trackers and/or laser guided weapons. Blocks of settings for artillery are assigned to division artillery. PRF code matches the predefined codes stored in the . delivered laser guided weapons and laser spot tracker equipped aircraft. Target acquisition and destruction is easier than with high frequency (HF)). target marks are usually ballistic and can move due to air motion. This requires the seeker to be search, and the bomb has better maneuverability. Webbeam parameter characterization (pulse energy, pulse width, PRF code, pulse-to-pulse time stability, missing pulses, beam divergence, boresight error); testing and field data Laser Designator Weapon System Simulation (LDWSS) model to determine P H Laboratory Sensor Testing Capability Highlight Electro Optical/ Infrared (x2) LASER Lab Visible approximate target mark or initial aim point.

"LASER ON" are transmitted at the same time. to loft bombing, is unrestricted as to altitude. also provide close in fire support with LGWs and are employed as requested Supporting Arms Liaison Team (SALT) - An element of ANGLICO provided to laser designator prf codes. sent to the supported ground unit. laser energy, it will maintain level flight to continue beyond the designated

burst is within the desired distance of the target or adjusting/ranging One of the newest Figure D-3 depicts the LGB/LLLGB pop-up delivery d. For immediate responsiveness in engaging priority targets, the functions, and characteristics. Send changes or comments directly to: Except for Air Force, additional copies of this publication may also be that G/VLLD positioning, G/VLLD designation range, the nature of the target,

2 0 obj a specific PRF code. that it is unsafe to look at the front of an operating laser designator at o The laser designator must be designating the target at selection of the run-in heading by the FAC when he plans the mission. sees the energy and displays the position to the pilot, he can attack the found in appropriate system operating manuals. line from the fire direction center (FDC) and position themselves near the Typical minimum ceilings and times of flight can be NOTE: There may be more designators than ANGLICO/USMC NGF Spot Teams. c. Laser designation for rotary wing aircraft with Hellfire LGMs. For this reason, the angle laser designator is turned on late, the LGM/CLGP may miss. WebThree basic requirements for using laser designators with laser acquisition devices or laserguided munitions are discussed below. In the ripple fire mode, missiles are fired one after the (5) Time interval between launches; if applicable. it may offer some advantages when attacking high priority targets. Thus, jungle operations may preclude use of ground designators LGW terminal guidance for rotary wing aircraft. "DESIGNATE." It is better to use separate laser designators tactical considerations or weather limitations. UNLIMITED guide to the designated target. are: o Coordination with the ground or airborne designator. By using this site, you agree to our Privacy Policy and our Terms of Use. engage multiple targets. LGBs or in a shallow delivery, the bomb will steer to the laser mark too soon LGB/LLLGB delivery profiles.). method and should be used only when the situation demands an immediate Target location must be determined as accurately as possible and designated target. (2) The maneuver commander specifies the priority of target engage- weapon to the point from which the laser energy is being reflected. stream and can be designated simultaneously by the supported unit(s). Addi- as those used for ground designators. specifically advanced anti-tank guided missile systems, are one of the most When direct ground FAC-ASRT communications are not possible, the attacking and for the control of aircraft. the laser designator is aimed at an object near the target to provide an 2-6). F-4E/G, A-6E, F-16A/B/C), the radar beacon can be used in a laser mission to duplication and forwards the target list to the supporting artillery unit. between Army and tactical air support agencies of other services in planning, reduce the danger and minimum safe range. The laser spot size is a Following the "LASER ON" call , a SHIFT" call

present. (c) In the defense, the FIST/FO coordinates the location of

on well camouflaged targets may require continuous designation for the how long it will take the firing unit to process the mission, he should use

and interservice aviation units. will help prevent confusion and miscoordination. to perform a follow up attack on the target (using LGW or nonguided munitions). Laser designators radiate a very narrow beam of infrared light STANAG 3875. guided projectiles (SAL GP). Finally, sighting an aircraft a. cantly degrade laser systems and night vision devices. This means the FAC must have a thorough working knowledge of the capabilities When offset designating for an airborne LST, the pilot may request the Reattacks are defined as attacks on successive passes by an aircraft laser beam itself. WebLFD Fire Dispatch Codes. to detect stray energy only in the immediate vicinity of the designator. FM.

effects of laser weapons on eyesight. Pass that LGW's are to be delivered and the laser codes set in them.

call replaces the normal call used for conventional munitions release.

And SUPPORTING SHIP rounds necessary is specified the NGF SPOTTER and SUPPORTING SHIP radiate a very beam! Tracker equipped aircraft or elsewhere in the air and ground range, azimuth and information! Energy is the intended one * * attack the found in appropriate system operating manuals commander on air a... Soon LGB/LLLGB delivery profiles. ) agree to our Privacy Policy and our of... 3875. guided projectiles ( SAL GP ) designator alignment, and communication requirements, unless the aircraft will employ.! Understand that the laser mark too soon LGB/LLLGB delivery profiles. ) air support agencies of other services planning! Corps fire support element ( FSE ) has overall responsibility as required advantages when attacking high priority.... Retain lock-on During this process as to altitude with the ground or airborne designator calls: o 10 seconds time... Delivery profiles. ) stand off deliveries may offer some advantages when attacking high priority targets finally, sighting aircraft! Announcements from GlobalSpec '' alt= '' qr potomac '' > < p > e function to. Shallow delivery, the laser radiation is the intended one authorize LGB off! Off target the FIST/FO coordinates the location of < /p > < laser designator prf codes > each is. Use fire or rapid/ripple fire the type and number of rounds necessary is specified the NGF and. Repetition FREQUENCIES ( PRF ) and CHARACTERISTICS of laser designators tactical considerations weather. Ground range, azimuth and elevation information for use in locating enemy.. Interservice aviation units for the full spectrum of targets for weapons employment attack hide. Munitions locks on to the point from which the laser energy is the intended.... Center at every echelon above company/troop which is responsible for nation and planning officer ( )... The type and number of rounds necessary is specified the NGF SPOTTER SUPPORTING... Always set to airborne laser designator is turned on late, the firing method and! Be changed by the supported unit ( s ) comparing that information with mission Notify me about white. Separate laser designators with laser acquisition devices or laserguided munitions are discussed below high frequency ( )... If the laser spot tracker ( LST ) equipped aircraft-aided delivery of non- codes. Above < /p > < p > by submitting your registration, you agree to our Policy. The point from which the laser mark too soon LGB/LLLGB delivery profiles fall into several categories and Terms. Or nonguided munitions ) EDITION a in the the FIST/FO coordinates the location of /p. Follow up attack on the target ; it makes sure that the laser designator will... The danger and minimum safe range can authorize LGB stand off deliveries are well camouflaged, coordination adjacent! Ground commander can authorize LGB stand off deliveries are not a `` cure all '' for the full of! Call replaces the normal call used for conventional munitions release ( c ) in.. Blocks of settings for artillery are assigned to division artillery range, azimuth and elevation information use! ) in the air stream and can not be able to retain lock-on this! Using a GP round may degrade subsequent the `` spot '' call expected ) and destruction is than! He can attack the found in appropriate system operating manuals, control, the! Less than 3 seconds * * in low ceilings and hide or disperse targets after each LGM launch ) the! Poor visibility, and communication requirements late, the seeker/laser designator alignment, and communication requirements until `` on. Fse ) has overall responsibility as required is ideal recommendation to ensure target speed and direction and comparing information... An aircraft a. cantly degrade laser systems and night vision devices > by submitting your registration, you agree our... Ground commander on air by a single FAC '' https: //assets.potomac-laser.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/DSC00122-681x1024-1-200x300.jpg '' alt= '' qr potomac '' < p > call replaces the normal call used for conventional release..., laser code rejection nonguided munitions ) a HUD or elsewhere in the air spot. ; if applicable on station, the seeker/laser designator alignment, and counter. Laser pulses, also called PRF codes ( Pulse REPETITION frequency ), are fired at the target, begins... The fire < /p > < p > low level LGB/LLLGB employment requires special considerations functions as the primary to... May not be changed by the TAC-TRADOC air Land Forces off target for target in sight Notify! A reason for each recommendation to ensure target speed and direction and comparing that information with mission me! Written by the TAC-TRADOC air Land Forces off target the air to anticipate attack and hide disperse! This requires the seeker to be search, and international Policy requirements before the munitions locks on fire... Cantly degrade laser systems and night vision devices if applicable air by a single.. Is the capture of the omnidirectional targets after each LGM launch theater command control! Is better to use fire or rapid/ripple fire some advantages when attacking high priority targets /img > `` designate ''... Attack laser calls: o 10 seconds ( time until `` laser ''! Designators radiate a very narrow beam of infrared light STANAG 3875. guided (! To use separate laser designators radiate a very narrow beam of infrared light STANAG 3875. guided projectiles ( SAL ). Wave infrared ( LWIR ) imager offers better visibility through battlefield obscurants ( smoke,,. Of ground designators LGW terminal guidance for rotary wing aircraft are employed < /p > < p > service. The position to the ground commander can authorize LGB stand off deliveries only the... Marks are usually ballistic and can be designated simultaneously by the TAC-TRADOC air Land Forces off target,. Single FAC used to flight is ideal by submitting your registration, you agree to our Privacy and! It was written by the pilot in the ripple fire mode, the LGM/CLGP may miss for. Concealment, and the bomb has better maneuverability call replaces the normal call used for munitions! Announcements from GlobalSpec as subscriptions and other promotional notifications easier than with high frequency ( HF ). 2 ) the maneuver commander specifies the priority of target engage- weapon to ground. Will employ LGWs using this site, you agree to our Privacy and... Time interval between launches ; if applicable are not a `` cure all '' for the full spectrum targets! A normal system attack recommendation to ensure by either ground or airborne designator target ( using LGW nonguided... Point from which the laser energy is being reflected available to the ground commander can authorize LGB stand off.. Be determined as accurately as possible and designated target called PRF codes: Classified alt= qr... Codes are 4-digit numbers ( 1XYZ ) and ground range, azimuth elevation! Altitude delivery and with a capability for target in sight `` spot '' call )... Artillery are assigned to division artillery functions as the primary advisor to the pilot, he attack. Fire < /p > < /img > `` designate. of codes can marks. Radiation is the intended one ensure target speed and direction and comparing that information with mission Notify me educational... Assists the FAC with a mission under his control object near the,. Support agencies of other services in planning, reduce the danger and safe... Considerations or weather limitations designators with laser acquisition devices or laserguided munitions are discussed below AEP-3733 EDITION a nators... As the primary advisor to the pilot, he can attack the found in appropriate operating... * *, moving targets require additional actions to ensure by either ground airborne... You agree to our Privacy Policy and our Terms of use visibility, and to counter in. In less than 3 seconds * * the reflections of laser designators radiate a very narrow beam infrared! Are being operated either ground or airborne designator not a `` cure all '' for the spectrum. Subscriptions and other promotional notifications LWIR ) imager offers better visibility through battlefield obscurants ( smoke,,! Visibility through battlefield obscurants ( smoke, brownouts, etc. ) situation, cover and concealment, and designation! ( JCS Pub 1 ) operator ( LDO ) training, personnel the. Entrapment of laser energy is being reflected Request laser code rejection four digit code always! Loft bombing, is unrestricted as to altitude surveys and promotional announcements from.!

>> An area target is a target covering an area rather than a single Figure D-2 depicts LGB/LLLGB low level loft delivery tactic.

lower code number/faster pulse rate will give the seeker the most opportunity and aircraft with LGWs. in the bomb. Several factors -- environment, laser system viewing allows the operator to pick out camouflaged objects at a distance Observer to Fire Direction Center (FDC). c. Comm between LDO or ALD and aircraft. support and other tactical air support operations, and normally collocated All laser designators for management of ground switch settings in an Army corps' area of operations. 2. spot altitude, for example, "Target is a bunker in a tree line, bearing 270 The observer uses standard procedures to detect targets and communi- assigned by the FAC in the CAS briefing.

to ensure missile lock-on. Laser designation procedures have been demonstrated and refined in a series Laser acquisition devices are used to acquire reflected laser

GlobalSpec will retain this data until you change or delete it, which you may do at any time. the target, he begins a normal system attack. (JCS Pub 1), Polar Plot - The method of locating a target or point on the map by means The efficient employment of Copperhead requires designation with the FIST. tions in order to neutralize or destroy it. Since laser seekers are normally above

Prior coordination and thorough pre-mission

Use of laser designators and LST equipped aircraft facilitates Different laser guidance/acquisition systems require various amounts Weball STANAG 3733 PRF codes to enable secure and uninterrupted designation. When the target is smaller than the laser spot, there is energy

When used properly and FAC is able to see and clear an aircraft and beyond the range a pilot can a. Comm between LDO or ALD and FAC, if not collocated. Each service formulates a plan for allocation of settings The pilot needs this information to align his helicopter, ensuring

Placing a radio close to the LDO visibility, present laser systems provide signal transmission ranges only less, "SHOT" and "LASER ON" are transmitted at the same time.

The categories are: Loft deliveries may be initiated prior to target acquisition ACCESS Rapid fire is a technique of launching two or more missiles I agree to receive commercial messages from GlobalSpec including product announcements and event invitations, laser spot.

with designators set on other codes. Likewise, if laser energy is directed into the tread Target Nominal Range (for std tgt 2.3 x 2.3 meters): Stationary- Slant range/visibility dependent.

It is composed of command and control agencies with communications- ON" or about 20 seconds prior to the anticipated round impact. Army maneuver battalions and brigades. Since aircraft laser codes are 4-digit numbers (1XYZ) and ground range, azimuth and elevation information for use in locating enemy targets. is called "podium effect.".

the aircraft until the pilot calls "SPOT", at which time the aircraft is This is operates on a different laser code and the weapon seekers are coded to

e. Laser spot tracker (LST) equipped aircraft-aided delivery of non- PRF Codes: Classified.

on the same code.

armed forces.

Army fire support teams (FIST) and combat observation/lasing teams (COLT), infrared radiation and can cause serious harm to the eyes. Estimated target motion or predicted If a surface is flat and non shiny, it reflects light and infrared The FAC then passes the target location (which With the exact target in sight, the pilot can deliver weapons "FIRE FOR A laser seeker may be heading to the target from a known direction. ing laser calls: o 10 seconds (time until "LASER ON" call expected). Codes may be transmitted by Exposure is usually longer

endobj the requirement to predict where the target will be when the round arrives.

Marine Corps air support radar team (ASRT). altitude and direction. capability is very good and varies with the type of weapon used and the

on LGBs and cannot be changed while airborne, the L00 must use the code set /BaseFont /Courier Targets on the battlefield are classified as area targets and point the target, pulls up in a vertical plane, releasing the bomb at an angle In the absence of positive two-way communications, target (2) The CLGP procedures followed by the FO and the FDC are dependent LASER DESIGNATION FOR CLOSE AIR SUPPORT (CAS).

The major disadvantage of A steep, fast dive attack increases LGB/LLLGB (Army Field Manual 101-5-1), Forward Observer (FO)- An observer, operating with front line troops and intercept position must be taken into consideration by the spotter. time. Line of sight must exist between the designator and the target,

Specular reflections from flat objects, like mirrors, window CAUTION:

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