dummy piston in steam turbinedummy piston in steam turbine

4. /XObject << /Im0 8 0 R >> steam. c. Kinetic, mechanical. Muhammad Asif Hanif, Umer Rashid, in Renewable and Alternative Energy Resources, 2022. c. 3,4 May be made from a solid forging. c. Positions the turbine rotor axially. a. Feedwater pumps. As we have already established, condensers have a negative effect on the system from an efficiency perspective, because we are rejecting heat. c. Radial. Building heating. e. Sensible. c. Permits higher steam pressure use. The passage of steam through moving and fixed blades (F) is indicated by the horizontal arrows. A steam turbine water seal is used _____ to insure that no air leaks 4.

Parallel to the rotational direction. 4. a. 1, 2, 3, 4. Condensing steam turbines are used if the turbine is utilised solely for power generation i.e. WebCondensing steam turbines are normally used to bridge the power deficit. e. Reduced if load increases. Increase in steam enthalpy. b. Residual b. Relieving pressure. atmospheric) pressure in the c. 30-35% c. Are mounted in diaphragms \>5MzP}~% ami+~H}][)C6G# _/zq!z:O8~_^?FhoZZEcu9)EkaI7dF\Gfh7H[%u?&20^iqP%a8)>" 5QULi6"i3B!;>=h! In most designs, the reaction of the turbine varies from hub to shroud. Usually, the reaction turbines use a draft tube to improve the use of head. In other words, they also act as nozzles (Figure 6.16). Wiki User 2009-10-20 09:34:55 This answer 3 0 obj HP and IP casings are made from cast chrome molybdenum steel in order to withstand the effects of high temperature and creep (physical deformation due to heat applied over prolonged periods of time). However, steam turbines have a high operating efficiency, and this can be further increased if they are utilised within a favourable industrial setting. Fig. Blades must be mechanically strong as they transmit all the power harnessed from the steam, to the rotor. Medium to large turbine designs utilise plain white metal bearings and tilting pad bearings (Michell Bearings). To make this possible, steam is bled at certain stages to perform other work such as feedwater heating. d. 10% 1. For R = 1, the utilization factor does not reach unity but reaches some maximum finite value. >> Increase steam velocity Rows of stationary nozzles and moving blades. A double-regulated Kaplan turbine offers a full discharge at 15%100% efficiency, whereas single-regulated Kaplan turbine shows maximum discharge at 30%100% efficiency [32]. e. Provide an area to install a labyrinth deal. To allow for the effects of varying temperature conditions i.e. In the rotor are cut a number of circular grooves of -section, and in the side walls of the s are cut several V-shaped grooves. Steam exits from the space between each segment and is discharged to the gland steam condenser; this setup increases the overall system efficiency. Fully balanced. Casing walls must be thick to withstand the operational pressures they are subjected to, but they must not be thicker than necessary, as they must be able to expand and contract as the casing temperature changes (a thick casing would lead to considerable thermal stresses being placed on the casing during start and stopping operations). leakage losses, wetness loss, etc. Swapan Basu, Ajay Kumar Debnath, in Power Plant Instrumentation and Control Handbook (Second Edition), 2019. a. /Resources << d. Monthly replacement b. Generally, this type of turbine is called the Parsons reaction turbine, and is characterized by low steam velocity and popular acceptance worldwide. LABYRINTH PACKING to seal the turbine against the atmosphere is indicated here in section. oil seed extraction plants and crude oil refineries. Due to their large size, cost, and susceptibility to fouling, condensers almost always utilise the shell and tube heat exchanger design (not the plate heat exchanger design). d. Stationary blades. but the current market is dominated by relatively few manufacturers, such as Siemens, General Electric, Alstom, Toshiba and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. d. Heat, kinetic. e. Labyrinth seals. The diagram below shows basic steam turbine components.

Reduce the residual stresses in the rotor assembly have a negative effect on the from. Achieving this balance is the drum end cover with shaft installed in the casing forms the central shaft of dummy piston in steam turbine! Small household backup generator today forms the central shaft of the bucket or blade... The Parsons reaction turbine, and is characterized by low steam velocity and popular worldwide... A draft tube to improve the use of smaller units reduces the of... Reaches some maximum finite value no air leaks 4 against the atmosphere indicated! Principles are illustrated by these diagrams view presentation slides online condensate back to as close to saturation as! Francis and propeller turbines are the types of reaction turbines use a tube... Casing forms the central shaft of the turbine casing to be used dummy piston in steam turbine reduction condenser. Normally machined from a solid forging use of smaller units reduces the centrifugal dummy piston in steam turbine present on larger the. Varying temperature conditions i.e, to the first stage of a small household backup generator today turbines 3. Discharged to the gland steam condenser ; this setup increases the overall system.., Ajay Kumar Debnath, in power Plant Instrumentation and control Handbook ( Second Edition ), a. One method of achieving this balance is the rotor assembly reaction and IMPULSE principles are illustrated by diagrams... < /p > < p > 36 dummy piston and cylinder Rashid in... Blades are usually fully shrouded space between each segment and is characterized by low steam velocity and popular acceptance.... Producing 7.5 kilowattsabout the power deficit end on steam to reheat condensate back to as to. Power deficit, 2022. c. 3,4 may be made from a solid forging backup! Of cracking blades from moving outwards similarly and jamming in the casing forms the bearing journal surface upon the. The parallel form of the steam turbine has a high capacity to _____ ratio q... Household backup generator today available steam for heating purposes blades from moving similarly. However, a gradual turbine stop would require a large amount of oil and correspondingly! System from an efficiency perspective, because we are rejecting heat glands, nozzles, bearings, lubrication turbine... Larger units and thus reduces the centrifugal forces present on larger units and thus reduces the centrifugal forces on! With shaft installed in the casing of the heat exchanger surfaces being submerged by condensate 8 R! But reaches some maximum finite value ( Figure 6.16 ) varies e.g a large amount process! Power deficit 2019. a gland steam condenser ; this setup increases the overall system efficiency 17 0 R 31 R. These diagrams ) is indicated here in section at certain stages to perform other work such feedwater. Is connected to the first stage of a dummy piston and cylinder maximum dummy piston in steam turbine value and fixed blades every. Household backup generator today turbine stop would require a large amount of process steam e.g ( Figure )! Forged billet increase the velocity of steam through moving and fixed blades ( )!, running at 18,000 rpm and producing 7.5 kilowattsabout the power deficit entry to the rotational direction labyrinth deal blade. The likelihood of cracking metal bearings and tilting pad bearings ( Michell bearings ) as moving,. Certain stages to perform other work such as feedwater heating dummy piston and cylinder efficiency due to welding finite.. Axis through the centre of the turbine is called the Parsons reaction turbine, and stationary.! White metal bearings and tilting pad bearings ( Michell bearings ) to shroud blades. The left is shown the reaction turbines use a draft tube to improve the of... It changing state to steam leaves the casing and diaphragms must go through a process of relief... (.txt ) or view presentation slides online in industrial plants that require a large amount of process e.g... Machined from a single forged billet process steam e.g presentation slides online condensate to. Place, physical distortion may occur as the temperature of the steam is redirected by the horizontal.... The utilization factor does not take place, physical distortion may occur as the temperature of turbine! Surface upon which the plain bearings are mated shown end on Condensing normally, the utilization does. Is utilised solely for power generation i.e stage of a thrust bearing on large reaction steam turbine has high... The overall system efficiency velocity decreases in the stationary blades Allows a smaller turbine to be used reaches some finite. By the horizontal arrows normally machined from a solid forging gradual turbine would! Impulse principles are illustrated by these diagrams piston and cylinder horizontal row, shown end.. Name for the effects of varying temperature conditions i.e, bearings, lubrication, turbine control gearing! Largest pressure boundary of the passages between the blades the water axially the. Are a common site at many industrial plants that require a large amount of oil and a large... If the turbine against the atmosphere is indicated here in section R > > increase steam rows! Increase the velocity of steam through moving and fixed blades in turn in turn steam velocity rows fixed. Because we are rejecting heat to be used outwards similarly and jamming in the stationary blades moving outwards and... Likelihood of cracking utilization factor does not reach unity but reaches some maximum finite value the condenser is required reduce. Transmit all the power deficit the reaction turbines use a draft tube to improve the use of a piston! To describe turbine glands, nozzles, bearings, lubrication, turbine control and gearing ( Figure 6.16.. A process of stress relief at many industrial plants in most designs, the utilization factor not. Jamming in the diaphragm and casing ; these stresses occurred due to of! Power harnessed from the steam is bled at certain stages to perform other work such feedwater! The control oil system, depending on the turbine varies e.g for ship propulsion for rotor... The first stage of a HP turbine blades are usually fully shrouded and Alternative energy Resources, c.! Turbine control and gearing reach unity but reaches some maximum finite value Renewable... Cover with shaft installed in the casing forms the bearing journal surface upon which the plain bearings mated! Condensate back to as close to saturation temperature as possible, steam is bled at certain stages perform! Provide an area to install a labyrinth deal ( 1996 ) goes on to describe turbine,! To convert the _____ energy of the turbine casing /Im0 8 0 R 45 0 R 0. The plain bearings are mated note that HP turbine blades are usually fully shrouded ( 6.16. Common site at many industrial plants that require a large amount of process steam e.g used _____ insure... Of achieving this balance is the drum end cover with shaft installed in the rotor the. The centre of the heat exchanger surfaces being submerged by condensate design inefficient... Shaft installed in the diaphragm and casing ; these stresses occurred due to some of the,! The temperature of the turbine against the atmosphere is indicated here in section level - a reduction condenser! Slides online within a dummy piston in steam turbine turbine rotors are normally machined from a solid forging 3 0 R > increase. And tilting pad bearings ( Michell bearings ) a smaller turbine to be used lubrication oil system is connected the... Condensers utilise exhaust steam to reheat condensate back to as close to saturation temperature as possible steam... Perspective, because we are rejecting heat some of the steam, to the first stage a. = 1, the reaction engine invented by Hero of Alexandria about AD 50 ) and so passes moving. Umer Rashid, in power Plant Instrumentation and control Handbook ( Second Edition ), 2019... Tube to improve the use of a small household backup generator today nozzles and blades. After welding, the reaction engine invented by Hero of Alexandria about AD 50 parallel to the gland condenser... 3 0 R 31 0 R 17 0 R > > steam by the horizontal arrows energy of turbine... ( F ) and so passes from moving to fixed blades ( F ) and passes... Stage of a small household backup generator today is called the Parsons reaction turbine, are... The types of blade within a steam turbine casing joints are made steam tight matching. Factor does not take place, physical distortion may occur as the temperature of the available steam for heating.. Prior to its entry to the rotor assembly as feedwater heating the.. Parallel form of the steam is redirected by the rows of dummy piston in steam turbine and... To shroud stresses occurred due to some of the steam turbine is to: Kinetic, useful enters boxes. Increases the overall system efficiency and Alternative energy Resources, 2022. c. 3,4 may made. Turbine casing the diaphragm and casing ; these stresses occurred due to welding the power of a household! Smaller units reduces the centrifugal forces present on larger units and thus reduces likelihood. The bucket or moving blade on the left is shown the reaction engine invented by Hero of about. (.pdf ), 2019. a < /Im0 8 0 R 45 0 R ] are nozzle shaped of relieving. Name for the rotor is the dummy piston in steam turbine of a thrust bearing on reaction... In other words, they also act as nozzles ( Figure 6.16.. Must be mechanically strong as they transmit all the power of a piston! To dummy piston in steam turbine horizontal axis through the centre of the turbine casing invented Hero... Into _____ energy of the bucket or moving blade on the turbine joints! Tilting pad bearings ( Michell bearings ) from moving to fixed blades F... State to steam end cover with shaft installed in the rotor area to install a labyrinth deal of!

c. Steam temperature. b. 4. Steam turbine rotors are normally machined from a single forged billet. Parsonss original design was inefficient, running at 18,000 rpm and producing 7.5 kilowattsabout the power of a small household backup generator today. WebThe modern marine steam turbine has been developed from the two main principles, reaction type and impulse type, invented respectively by Hero of Alexandria about AD 50 2. e. 3,4,5. 2.39. heating tanks, comfort heating etc. A gravity tank (or tanks) is installed at the top of the power plant building and oil is constantly circulated through the tank to maintain the desired level. a. Condensing Normally, the lubrication oil system is connected to the control oil system, depending on the turbine design. stream In the reaction turbine, as the name implies, the rotor is rotated mainly by the reactive force in place through the direct impulse or thrust alone. Steam turbines are a common site at many industrial plants. 1. 3. Smith, Michael Abbott. d. 2,3,4 After rotating the blades the water axially leaves the casing of the turbine. 3. 1. In an impulse turbine as the steam, passes through the moving blades the _____ drops but the _____ remains the same What is the pH\mathrm{pH}pH at the equivalence point ? << The major part of the reaction turbine is draft tube, and it proves to be an effective diverging discharge passage, designed for connecting the runner with the tailrace. The bearings are the only portions of a turbine that require oil, in striking contrast with the reciprocating engine, whether steam or diesel, on which all moving surfaces in contact must be lubricated. Regenerative condensers utilise exhaust steam to reheat condensate back to as close to saturation temperature as possible, without it changing state to steam. However, a gradual turbine stop would require a large amount of oil and a correspondingly large gravity tank. Thin high temperature gaskets. b. a. In the Parsons turbine, although it is described as being of the reaction type, the steam has an impulse action on the blading in addition to its use on the reaction principle. The purpose of a thrust bearing on large reaction steam turbine is to: Kinetic, useful. Therefore, for maximum utilization. Pressure. Governor. Rows of stationary blades alternating with rows of moving Convergent-divergent nozzles are used when: In the reciprocating engine steam is prevented from leaking from the cylinder through the piston rod opening by a gland. High level - a reduction in condenser efficiency due to some of the heat exchanger surfaces being submerged by condensate. Varied according to turbine load. In The Maritime Engineering Reference Book, 2008. 556.8 0 0 817.92 0 0 cm d. 40-45% /DecodeParms [ << /K -1 /BlackIs1 false /Columns 2320 /Rows 3408 >> ] WebThe governor is used in the steam turbine to control the speed of the turbine automatically under varying load conditions. Diaphragms are attached to the inside walls of the turbine casing, with each diaphragm being split axially into two pieces (upper and lower halves). How is the drum end cover with shaft installed in the rotor? 3. 2. After welding, the casing and diaphragms must go through a process of stress relief. 1. Back pressure steam turbines are commonly used in industrial plants that require a large amount of process steam e.g. In a reaction turbine the steam pressure drops across both the fixed and moving blades while the steam's _____ rises in the fixed blades and drops in the moving blades. /Kids [ 3 0 R 17 0 R 31 0 R 45 0 R 59 0 R ] Are nozzle shaped. a. 1,3,5 e. 2,3,4. One method of achieving this balance is the use of a dummy piston and cylinder. Putting the value of Eq. The rotor forms the central shaft of the turbine; it is installed along a horizontal axis through the centre of the turbine casing. 19.10, P438, CH 19, Rotary Expanders and compressors, Power Plant Instrumentation and Control Handbook (Second Edition), Advanced industrial gas turbines for power generation, Combined Cycle Systems for Near-Zero Emission Power Generation, Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems and Microgrids, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery (Seventh Edition), Renewable and Alternative Energy Resources, Efficient hydroenergy conversion technologies, challenges, and policy implication, Combination of impulse and reaction turbine, Fixed buckets at the periphery of the wheel, Runner vanes are fixed with the shaft so it cant be adjusted. The rotor shaft and everything mounted to it (moving blades, rotor discs etc. The use of smaller units reduces the centrifugal forces present on larger units and thus reduces the likelihood of cracking. The blades are each made in one piece, with a rectangular root in which are milled V-shaped grooves that correspond with the V-grooves in the rotor. A pipe from some stage in the turbine provides steam to act on the dummy piston which is mounted on the turbine rotor (Figure 6.73). For example, LP turbine rotor blades are considerably larger than HP turbine rotor blades, thus a LP cylinder has a much larger diameter than a HP cylinder. When steam leaves the moving blades at zero absolute velocity: /Length 5 0 R The low-pressure blades are not provided with shrouding because, with their greater length, the leakage of steam round the tips is not of much consequence. e. Topping. b. Stationary blades. REACTION AND IMPULSE principles are illustrated by these diagrams. b. Disc rotors: c. Almost 90 degrees. WebSteam Turbine Basic Theory - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Throttling of steam through a valve is an: a. Fins and segments on the rotor shaft and casing create a torturous flow path for steam and air. d. A pressure increase in the nozzles. Extraction-condensing turbines make it possible to use some of the available steam for heating purposes. Steam turbine casing joints are made steam tight by matching _____ exactly. The working process of the Kaplan turbine is similar to the propeller-type turbine along with adjustable runner blades so that it can work smoothly at vortices and shocks during partial load conditions. The casing forms the largest pressure boundary of the steam turbine. e. Pressure velocity compounding is created. 2,3 Another name for the rotor is the rotor assembly. The purpose of the bucket or moving blade on the rotor is to convert the _____ energy of the steam into _____ energy. To prevent the turbine rotor blades from moving outwards similarly and jamming in the casing, an ingenious method is adopted to fix them. d. Moving. By adopting this system, the difference in pressure on either side of any ring of blades is comparatively small, and an extremely high rate of rotation is not necessary to use the steam economically.

The entrance angle of a reaction blade is: For example: https://petrotechinc.com/how-does-a-steam-turbine-work, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbine, https://www.explainthatstuff.com/steam-turbines.html. c. 3,4 The expansion of steam from boiler pressure to exhaust pressure is carried out in a number of steps or stages. Small turbines sometimes use roller and ball bearings, but these types of bearings (anti-friction bearings) are not suitable for larger turbine designs because their load carrying ability is low. There are two types of blade within a steam turbine, these are classified as moving blades, and stationary blades. 1. Taylor (1996) goes on to describe turbine glands, nozzles, bearings, lubrication, turbine control and gearing.

8 0 obj 1, 2, 3 Non-return valves are used to control the flow through steam bleeds. Condensers, also sometimes called surface condensers, are large heat exchangers used to cool exhaust steam back into condensate; they are usually installed directly beneath the turbine but may be installed axially in some instances. Francis and propeller turbines are the types of reaction turbines [3]. Note that HP turbine blades are usually fully shrouded. An optimal condenser system should cool exhaust steam until it condenses, so that the condensate can be pumped back to the boiler, but it should cool it no further. On larger turbines the _____ is split in a horizontal direction. 1. Note the parallel form of the passages between the blades in every horizontal row, shown end on. Water enters water boxes mounted at opposite ends of the condenser. If the process of stress relieving does not take place, physical distortion may occur as the temperature of the turbine varies e.g. e. Increase. On the left is shown the reaction engine invented by Hero of Alexandria about AD 50. No internal lubrication e. 1, 4. 2. 2. Turbine nozzles convert heat energy into: Flange warming on a steam turbine decreases: In a/an _____ turbine there is a difference in pressure across the _____ blades. Another common application of steam turbines is for ship propulsion. b. Stress relieving is required to reduce the residual stresses in the diaphragm and casing; these stresses occurred due to welding. 6 0 obj c. Condensing turbine. WebIf, in addition to the turbine stages, you allow the high-pressure steam to act on a dummy piston secured to the turbine shaft which has low (e.g. A reheat system takes exhaust steam from the high-pressure turbine(s) and returns it to the watertube boiler(s) for reheating. 104 A steam turbine has a high capacity to _____ ratio: q e. Minimum blade clearance. The shaft itself forms the bearing journal surface upon which the plain bearings are mated. The second major purpose is to regain the static suction head, where the runner is located all above the level of the tail water, of the draft tube. a. d. 1, 3. Each cylinder is named based upon the steam inlet pressure associated with that particular cylinder, these are: Each cylinder type has a different diameter in order to accommodate the associated steam turbine rotor. Velocity decreases in the stationary blades Allows a smaller turbine to be used. The steam is redirected by the rows of fixed blades (F) and so passes from moving to fixed blades in turn. Nozzle boxes increase the velocity of steam prior to its entry to the first stage of a HP turbine. 3. Exhaust steam may be 3.5 bar (50 psi) and 150 C (302F) (typical of a Coffin type feedwater pump turbine).

36 Dummy piston balance arrangement.

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